Treatment with distinct antibiotic classes causes different pulmonary outcomes on allergic airway inflammation associated with modulation of symbiotic microbiota.
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2022
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Background. Asthma is a chronic pulmonary disease that affects about 300 million people worldwide. Previous studies have
associated antimicrobial use with allergies, but the real impact of antibiotics on asthma is still elusive. We investigated the
potential impact of amoxicillin (Amox), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), and metronidazole (Metro) in a murine
model of OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation. Methods. BALB/c mice received three cycles of 7 days of antibiotics in
drinking water followed by 7 days washout and were sensitized i.p. with OVA/Alum at days 0 and 14. After the end of the last
antibiotic washout, the mice were challenged with aerosolized OVA. Pulmonary parameters were evaluated, and serum, BAL,
and feces were collected for analysis. Results. Amox- and TMP/SMX-treated animals displayed more severe allergic airway
inflammation parameters with increased airway hyperresponsiveness, reduced lung alveolar volume, and increased levels in
BAL of IL-4 and IL-6. In contrast, Metro-treated mice showed preserved FEV-50, decreased lung inflammation, and higher
levels of butyrate and propionate in their feces. Metro treatment was associated with increased OVA-specific IgA in serum.
BAL microbiota was abundant in allergic groups but not in nonallergic controls with the Amox-treated group displaying the
increased frequency of Proteobacteria, while Metro and TMP/SMX showed increased levels of Firmicutes. In the gut, we
observed the enrichment of Akkermansia muciniphila associated with reduced airway inflammation phenotype in the Metro
group, even after the recovery period. Conclusion. Our data suggest that different antibiotic treatments may impact the course
of experimental allergic airway inflammation in diverse ways by several mechanisms, including modulation of short-chain fat
acids production by intestinal microbiota.
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CAVALCANTE, G. G. et al. Treatment with distinct antibiotic classes causes different pulmonary outcomes on allergic airway inflammation associated with modulation of symbiotic microbiota. Journal of Immunology Research, v. 2022, artigo 1466011, 2022. Disponível em: <https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jir/2022/1466011/>. Acesso em: 11 out. 2022.