Occurrence and environmental risk assessment of 22 pesticides in Brazilian freshwaters.
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2023
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Resumo
Pesticide contamination in water resources is a global threat. Although usually found at low concentrations,
pesticides raise considerable toxicological concerns, mainly when mixtures are considered. The occurrence of 22
pesticides (2,4 D, alachlor, aldicarb, aldrin, atrazine, carbendazim, carbofuran, chlordane, chlorpyrifos, DDT,
diuron, glyphosate, lindane, mancozeb, methamidophos, metolachlor, molinate, profenofos, simazine, tebuconazole, terbufos, and trifluralin) was investigated, through consolidated database information, in surface
freshwaters of Brazil. Moreover, scenarios of environmental risk assessment considering isolated compounds and
mixtures were performed, as well as a meta-analytic approach for toxicity purposes. Pesticides in freshwater have
been reported from 719 cities (12.9% of Brazilian cities), where 179 (3.2%) showed pesticide occurrence above
the limit of detection or quantification. Considering cities with more than five quantified, 16 cities were prone to
environmental risks considering individual risks. However, the number increased to 117 cities when the pesticide
mixture was considered. The mixture risk was driven by atrazine, chlorpyrifos, and DDT. The national maximum
acceptable concentrations (MAC) for nearly all pesticides are higher than the predicted no-effect concentration
(PNEC) for the species evaluated, except aldrin. Our results show the need to consider mixtures in the environmental risk assessment to avoid underestimation and review MAC to protect aquatic ecosystems. The results
presented here may guide the revision of the national environmental legislation to ensure the protection of
Brazilian aquatic ecosystems.
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Aquatic ecosystems, Brazil, Freshwater, Mixture, Water resources
Citação
BROVINI, E. M. et al. Occurrence and environmental risk assessment of 22 pesticides in Brazilian freshwaters. Aquatic Toxicology, v. 260, artigo 106566, jul. 2023. Disponível em: <https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166445X23001698>. Acesso em: 01 ago. 2023.